Punishments

= //** Chain  **////** Gangs **  //= === A chain gang is prisoners chained together to do physically challenging or menial work, like mining or wood collecting, as a form of discipline. Such torture might include building roads, digging ditches, or chipping stone. This existed mostly in the southern United States. By 1955 had been phased out entirely, with Georgia the final state to surrender the custom. Chain gangs were reintroduced by some states throughout the “get tough on crime” 1990s, with Alabama being the first state to overcome them in 1995. === === The venture ended after almost one year in all states. Though in Arizona, where in Maricopa County prisoners can still volunteer for a chain gang to earn credit toward a high school diploma or bypass disciplinary lockdowns for rule infractions. The use of chains could be very hazardous. Some chains used in the Georgia system in the first half of the twentieth century were almost twenty pounds. Some prisoners suffered from shackle sores- sores where the iron ground against the skin ===

=Southern Black Codes= The Southern Black Codes applied to anyone with more than 1/8 of negro blood. The features included Civil Rights, Labor Rights. Labor Rights included a contract form for blacks who agreed to work for white “masters.” The form required that the money earned and the term of service be in writing. The contract had to be witnessed and then approved by a judge. "Black servants" had to live on the employer’s property, stay quiet and orderly, work from dawn to dusk except on Sundays, and not leave the land or receive visitors without the master’s permission. Masters could “moderately” whip "servants" under 18 to discipline them. Continuing from before, other features were Vagrancy and Apprenticeship. The codes gave another source of labor for white employers—black orphans and the children of vagrants or other poor parents. The code gave permission to the court to teach black children, even against their will, the sheriff could "hir out" es and 18 for females. Masters had the right to inflict moderate punishment on their apprentices and to recapture runaways. But the code also required masters to provide food and clothing to their apprentices, teach them a trade, and send them to school. Courts, crime, and punishment in the Southern Black Codes had established a racially separate court system for all civil and illegal cases that involved a black plaintiff or defendant. It allowed black witnesses to testify in court, but only in cases affecting “the person or property of a person of color.” Crimes that whites believed freedmen might commit, such as rebellion, arson, burglary, and assaulting a white woman, carried harsh penalties. Most of these crimes carried the death penalty for blacks, but not for whites. Punishments for minor offenses committed by blacks could result in “hiring out” or whipping, penalties rarely imposed on white lawbreakers. Other Restrictions in the South Carolina’s code reflected the white people with controlling the former slaves. It banned black people from owning most weapons, making or selling alcohol, and coming into the state without posting a bond for “good behavior” first. The code made it illegal for them to sell any farm foods without printed authorization from their white employer, apparently to guard against theft. Also, blacks could not perform any career, except farmer or servant under contract, without getting an yearly permit from a judge.

=﻿ ﻿ = = Lynching = Lynching is illegal execution of an accused person by a person or mob. Lynching was used for the whites against the African American slaves for punishment. When the there was no lynching African Americans was over thrown whites protested and were in dangered of getting lynched. Sooner after that law was passed the Ku Klux Klan lynched and the African American lynching increased dramatically. The KKK's goal was to keep the whites in charge of the African Americans. People that were lynched was either hung, burn alive or shot right in front of their family. As of right now in the U.S. lynching is a felony in every state. Emmit Till was put to death at the age of 14. They put him to death for suposibly flirting with a white girl. Emmit was from Chigaco, Illionois. Emmits funeral was a public funeral. Emmits mom wanted an open casket so people would know how he looked like after they had beat and killed him. Till's murder was one of the events that motivated blacks in the Civit War Movement.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_gang [] []